Vocabulário

Expressões idiomáticas (Idioms)

2009-10-05T20:11:23-03:00

Idioms

Expressões Idiomáticas

Expressões idiomáticas são frases que não devem ser traduzidas ao pé da letra. O significado de uma expressão idiomática é muito diferente do significado de cada uma das palavras separadamente. Por exemplo: "The red car caught my eye." Sabemos que um carro não pode agarrar e que um olho não pode ser lançado. Precisamos entender o significado da expressão “caught my eye” para compreender o que está sendo dito. Que nesse caso, quer dizer que "o carro vermelho chamou minha atenção".

Essa é uma lista de expressões idiomáticas com exemplos de como podem ser usadas:

A
about to	Peggy is about to leave.
in advance	We booked the tickets in advance.
alive and kicking	I love Berlin. It's alive and kicking.
all of a sudden	I went out in the sun. Then, all of a sudden, it started to rain.
all over the place	There are environmental problems all over the place.
B
to go from bad to worse	My marks went from bad to worse last term.
to bag sb.	Tom bagged this special offer at an online-shop.
beat-up	Mark is too beat-up to play tennis this evening.
to do the best	He always does his best.
blabber	Don't listen to him, he's a blabber.
to blag sb.	Once in a while young Tim blags his father's cigarettes.
bloody	What a bloody day!
to be blue	She's been feeling blue all day.
bouncer	A bouncer's task is to keep out those who might cause trouble.
be broke	I can't go to the cinema with you, I'm broke.
to brush up on sb.	I have to brush up on my Spanish.
buck	You can buy a DVD player for less than 100 bucks (dollars).
butt	You're a pain in the butt.
buzz	Parachuting gives me a real buzz.
Buzz off!	Buzz off! I have told you not to come to my place anymore.
C
a close call	I had a close call. A stone almost hit me!
to catch sb.	Sorry, I didn't quite catch your telephone number.
to catch cold	I walked out in the rain, so I caught cold.
not to have a clue	I don't have a clue about repairing the faucet.
Come off it!	Come off it! This isn't the truth.
as far as I'm concerned	As far as I'm concerned, I'd like to watch the film.
cop	A big crowd of cops gathered in front of the Bank of England.
corner shop	Mother really liked corner shops when she was a child.
cram school	Many pupils have to go to a cram school in the afternoon.
on credit	I'd not buy the new TV on credit.
cut	Mr Brown made big cuts of $500 million.
D
damned	I hate going through that damned rush hour.
to dig in one's heels	If you take or express an opinion and refuse to change it, you dig in your heels.
to disrespect sb.	Poor people shouldn't be disrespected.
to do one's best	He does his best to fix the car.
to do someone good	Let's go on a holiday. The sun will do us good.
to do without	If there's no milk for the tea, it'll do without.
down under	Down under will be my next destination.
E
to be up to one's ears	Sorry, I can't go out with you. I'm up to my ears in work.
every now and then	Every now and then I play the piano.
every other	He comes to me every other week.
to see eye to eye	World Bank and IMF see eye to eye on Asia
F
fair enough	Fair enough! Let's go out for dinner tonight.
fiddle	Especially fiddles are necessary to play folk music.
to keep the fingers crossed	I have to see the doctor for a checkup. - I'll keep my fingers crossed for you.
flutter	The old lady loves a flutter on the slot machine.
folk	We all are fond of the Irish folk.
for free	I was lucky. I got this CD for free.
freak out	Ron freaked out when he heard that Peter had broken his car.
fridge	Butter must be kept in the fridge.
G
to get a lot of stick	In his new job Jack gets a lot of stick.
to get cold feet	He wanted to speak to the boss, but he didn't. He got cold feet.
to get fed up with sb.	They get fed up with their neighbour's parties.
to get rid of sb.	We have to get rid of that old car.
to get sb.	Jason, did you finally get your exercise?
to take sth. for granted	I took it for granted the meeting was on Tuesday.
greasy spoon	I'd rather starve instead of eating at a greasy spoon.
groovy	This cocktail tastes groovy.
guy	Jennifer fell in love with the guy from the supermarket.
H
had better	You'd better go now.
on the other hand	Sue likes pop music, on the other hand she doesn't like discos.
to give a hand	Can you give me a hand with the cupboard?
hard graft	Building our house has been a hard graft.
by heart	My brother has to learn the poem by heart.
hip	Molly always knows what's hip.
to hold s.o.'s horses	Hold your horses," I said when John began to leave the room.
to be hooked on sth.	Bill is hooked on car racing.
J
to jump down sb.'s throat	The boss jumped down my throat because I was late for work.
K
knackered	What has happened? You look so knackered.
to keep an eye on sth./sb.	Will you keep an eye on my baby?
L
little by little	Andrew had an accident while playing ice-hockey. Little by little he begins to walk.
to look forward to sb.	I look forward to my holidays in Rome.
M
to make ends meet	She's been out of work for years. How can she make ends meet with four children?
to make friends easily	Chris makes friends easily.
to make oneself at home	Come in, please. Make yourself at home.
to make the most	Let's make the most of the last day of our holidays.
to make up one's mind up	Did you make your mind up to buy a new computer?
mash	I love Grandma's homemade mash.
What's the matter?	You look sad. What's the matter with you?
to be mean	Grandfather is mean with money.
to meet sb. halfway	I don't like his ideas, but I can imagine that we should meet halfway.
to mess around	The clown messed around to make the children laugh.
to mess up	Sandy has really messed up this time.

P
from now on	From now on I'm going to drive more carefully.
old fart	Bob isn't an entertainer, he is an old fart.
pint	"A pint for me, please."
to be pissed off	Leave me alone, I'm pissed off!
plonk	Plonk often causes a bad headache.
to come to the point	Don't talk for hours. Come to the point.
to pop in	I won't be back early. I'll pop in at Max's.
to put in a word for sb.	My mother doesn't let me go out. Can you put in a word for me, please?
pretty much	They earn pretty much money together.
out of the question	We can't come to the party. This is out of the question.
Q
quid	A quid is a pound in British currency.
R
red tape	Too much red tape takes everything longer.
right as rain	Your baby is right as rain.
S
to sack sb.	Fred was sacked because he had lost his driving licence.
scruffy	Her apartment is very scruffy.
to see about	Let's have a party on Saturday. I'll see about the drinks.
sharpish	After a quarrel Mike left sharpish.
to be in someone's shoes	I don't want to be in Peter's shoes.
to shut up	Shut up or disappear before I get furious.
can't stand	I can't stand the rain.
in the sticks	During their holiday the Bakers lived in the sticks. Far away from towns.
to stick sth./sb.	I can't stick more of this.
stroppy	Jimmy is a stroppy child.
stuff	Where is all that stuff I bought at Oxfam's yesterday?
T
Take it easy.	Take it easy.
telly	You're a couch potato. All you can do is sit in front of the telly.
thick	Are you thick? This is the right number.
Think nothing of it.	Think nothing of it.
to be on time	Please be on time.
to take one's time	Take your time.
tipple	After walking through the cold rain everyone enjoyed a tipple.
to loose track	Do you know where Fred lives? - I've lost track of him.
to take turns	My sister and Anne take turns babysitting.
W
Watch your step.	You'd better watch your step if you don't want trouble with your boss.
to wear many hats	You've got to wear many hats if you want to run your own hotel.
when push comes to shove	When push comes to shove you'd rather accept the job.
to feel under the weather	I think, I'll stay at home tonight. I'm feeling a little under the weather.
no wonder	No wonder he is ill. He went out in shorts in winter.
a word in your ear	Could I have word in your ear?
Words fail me.	Did you hear about Sue and Pat? - Words fail me.
to eat one's words	I'm sorry. I'll eat my words.
in other words	In other words, you can't answer the question.
to have words with sb.	I had words with the headteacher of my son's school
would rather	Would you like to spend your holidays in the North? No - I'd rather fly to Mexico.
to wow sb.	His appearance at the party wowed me.
Z
to zing through sth.	The arrow zinged through the trees as fast as lightning.

Relationships (Relacionamentos)

2009-09-28T21:13:18-03:00

RELATIONSHIPS

(RELACIONAMENTOS)

Friendship – amizade

Acquaintance – conhecido(a)

Friend – amigo(a)

Good friend – bom amigo / boa amiga

Best friend – melhor amigo / amiga

Classmate – colega de aula

Workmate / colleague – colega de trabalho

Boyfriend / girlfriend – namorado / namorada

Fiancé / fiancée – noivo/noiva

Wedding – cerimônia de casamento

Marriage – casamento

Marriage Partner – cônjuge

Wife / husband – esposa/marido

Divorce – divórcio

Ex – ex

Date – namorar

Get engaged – noivar (com alguém)

Get married – casar-se (com alguém)

Like – gostar

Love – amar

Adore – adorar

Worship – venerar

Idolise – idolatrar

Respect – respeitar

Admire – admirar

Attract – atrair

Dislike – desgostar

Hate – odiar

Despise – desprezar

Expressões idiomáticas Inglês/Inglês

2009-09-24T01:11:12-03:00

Expressões idiomáticas

Essa lista foi feita por ordem alfabética, e traz expressões, ditados populares enfim, palavras que usamos no dia a dia em Portugues e que a partir de agora você vai saber como usar também em Inglês.

Lista das expressões idiomáticas em ingles

A Bird In The Hand Is Worth Two In The Bush:
Having something that is certain is much better than taking a risk for more, because chances are you might lose everything.

A Blessing In Disguise:
Something good that isn't recognized at first.

A Chip On Your Shoulder:
Being upset for something that happened in the past.

A Dime A Dozen:
Anything that is common and easy to get.

A Doubting Thomas:
A skeptic who needs physical or personal evidence in order to believe something.

A Drop in the Bucket:
A very small part of something big or whole.

A Fool And His Money Are Easily Parted:
It's easy for a foolish person to lose his/her money.

A House Divided Against Itself Cannot Stand:
Everyone involved must unify and function together or it will not work out.

A Leopard Can't Change His Spots:
You cannot change who you are.

A Penny Saved Is A Penny Earned:
By not spending money, you are saving money (little by little).

A Picture Paints a Thousand Words:
A visual presentation is far more descriptive than words.

A Piece of Cake:
A task that can be accomplished very easily.

A Slap on the Wrist:
A very mild punishment.

A Taste Of Your Own Medicine:
When you are mistreated the same way you mistreat others.

A Toss-Up:
A result that is still unclear and can go either way.

Actions Speak Louder Than Words:
It's better to actually do something than just talk about it.

Add Fuel To The Fire:
Whenever something is done to make a bad situation even worse than it is.

Against The Clock:
Rushed and short on time.

All Bark And No Bite:
When someone is threatening and/or aggressive but not willing to engage in a fight.

All Greek to me:
Meaningless and incomprehensible like someone who cannot read, speak, or understand any of the Greek language would be.

All In The Same Boat:
When everyone is facing the same challenges.

An Arm And A Leg:
Very expensive. A large amount of money.

An Axe To Grind:
To have a dispute with someone.

Apple of My Eye:
Someone who is cherished above all others.

As High As A Kite:
Anything that is high up in the sky.

At The Drop Of A Hat:
Willing to do something immediately.

B

Back Seat Driver:
People who criticize from the sidelines, much like someone giving unwanted advice from the back seat of a vehicle to the driver.

Back To Square One:
Having to start all over again.

Back To The Drawing Board:
When an attempt fails and it's time to start all over.

Baker's Dozen:
Thirteen.

Barking Up The Wrong Tree:
A mistake made in something you are trying to achieve.

Beat A Dead Horse:
To force an issue that has already ended.

Beating Around The Bush:
Avoiding the main topic. Not speaking directly about the issue.

Bend Over Backwards:
Do whatever it takes to help. Willing to do anything.

Between A Rock And A Hard Place:
Stuck between two very bad options.

Bite Off More Than You Can Chew:
To take on a task that is way to big.

Bite Your Tongue:
To avoid talking.

Blood Is Thicker Than Water:
The family bond is closer than anything else.

Blue Moon:
A rare event or occurance.

Break A Leg:
A superstitious way to say 'good luck' without saying 'good luck', but rather the opposite.

Buy A Lemon:
To purchase a vehicle that constantly gives problems or stops running after you drive it away.

C

Can't Cut The Mustard :
Someone who isn't adequate enough to compete or participate.

Cast Iron Stomach:
Someone who has no problems, complications or ill effects with eating anything or drinking anything.

Charley Horse:
Stiffness in the leg / A leg cramp.

Chew someone out:
Verbally scold someone.

Chip on his Shoulder:
Angry today about something that occured in the past.

Chow Down:
To eat.

Close but no Cigar:
To be very near and almost accomplish a goal, but fall short.

Cock and Bull Story:
An unbelievable tale.

Come Hell Or High Water:
Any difficult situation or obstacle.

Crack Someone Up:
To make someone laugh.

Cross Your Fingers:
To hope that something happens the way you want it to.

Cry Over Spilt Milk:
When you complain about a loss from the past.

Cry Wolf:
Intentionally raise a false alarm.

Cup Of Joe:
A cup of coffee.

Curiosity Killed The Cat:
Being Inquisitive can lead you into a dangerous situation.

Cut to the Chase:
Leave out all the unnecessary details and just get to the point.

D

Dark Horse:
One who was previously unknown and is now prominent.

Dead Ringer:
100% identical. A duplicate.

Devil's Advocate:
Someone who takes a position for the sake of argument without believing in that particular side of the arguement. It can also mean one who presents a counter argument for a position they do believe in, to another debater.

Dog Days of Summer:
The hottest days of the summer season.

Don't count your chickens before they hatch:
Don't rely on it until your sure of it.

Don't Look A Gift Horse In The Mouth:
When someone gives you a gift, don't be ungrateful.

Don't Put All Your Eggs In One Basket:
Do not put all your resources in one possibility.

Doozy:
Something outstanding.

Down To The Wire:
Something that ends at the last minute or last few seconds.

Drastic Times Call For Drastic Measures:
When you are extremely desperate you need to take extremely desperate actions.

Drink like a fish:
To drink very heavily.

Drive someone up the wall:
To irritate and/or annoy very much.

Dropping Like Flies:
A large number of people either falling ill or dying.

Dry Run:
Rehearsal.

E

Eighty Six:
A certain item is no longer available. Or this idiom can also mean, to throw away.

Elvis has left the building:
The show has come to an end. It's all over.

Ethnic Cleansing:
Killing of a certain ethnic or religious group on a massive scale.

Every Cloud Has A Silver Lining:
Be optomistic, even difficult times will lead to better days.

Everything But The Kitchen Sink:
Almost everything and anything has been included.

Excuse my French:
Please forgive me for cussing.

Cock and Bull Story:
An unbelievable tale.

Cock and Bull Story:
An unbelievable tale.

F

Feeding Frenzy:
An aggressive attack on someone by a group.

Field Day:
An enjoyable day or circumstance.

Finding Your Feet:
To become more comfortable in whatever you are doing.

Finger lickin' good:
A very tasty food or meal.

Fixed In Your Ways:
Not willing or wanting to change from your normal way of doing something.

Flash In The Pan:
Something that shows potential or looks promising in the beginning but fails to deliver anything in the end.

Flea Market:
A swap meet. A place where people gather to buy and sell inexpensive goods.

Flesh and Blood:
This idiom can mean living material of which people are made of, or it can refer to someone's family.

Flip The Bird:
To raise your middle finger at someone.

Foam at the Mouth:
To be enraged and show it.

Fools' Gold:
Iron pyrites, a worthless rock that resembles real gold.

French Kiss:
An open mouth kiss where tongues touch.

From Rags To Riches:
To go from being very poor to being very wealthy.

Fuddy-duddy:
An old-fashioned and foolish type of person.

Full Monty:
This idiom can mean either, "the whole thing" or "completely nude".

Funny Farm:
A mental institutional facility.

G

Get Down to Brass Tacks:
To become serious about something.

Get Over It:
To move beyond something that is bothering you.

Get Up On The Wrong Side Of The Bed:
Someone who is having a horrible day.

Get Your Walking Papers:
Get fired from a job.

Give Him The Slip:
To get away from. To escape.

Go Down Like A Lead Balloon:
To be received badly by an audience.

Go For Broke:
To gamble everything you have.

Go Out On A Limb:
Put yourself in a tough position in order to support someone/something.

Go The Extra Mile:
Going above and beyond whatever is required for the task at hand.

Good Samaritan:
Someone who helps others when they are in need, with no discussion for compensation, and no thought of a reward.

Graveyard Shift:
Working hours from about 12:00 am to 8:00 am. The time of the day when most other people are sleeping.

Great Minds Think Alike:
Intelligent people think like each other.

Green Room:
The waiting room, especially for those who are about to go on a tv or radio show.

Gut Feeling:
A personal intuition you get, especially when feel something may not be right.

H

Haste Makes Waste:
Quickly doing things results in a poor ending.

Hat Trick:
When one player scores three goals in the same hockey game. This idiom can also mean three scores in any other sport, such as 3 homeruns, 3 touchdowns, 3 soccer goals, etc.

Have an Axe to Grind:
To have a dispute with someone.

He Lost His Head:
Angry and overcome by emotions.

Head Over Heels:
Very excited and/or joyful, especially when in love.

Hell in a Handbasket:
Deteriorating and headed for complete disaster.

High Five:
Slapping palms above each others heads as celebration gesture.

High on the Hog:
Living in Luxury.

Hit The Books:
To study, especially for a test or exam.

Hit The Hay:
Go to bed or go to sleep.

Hit The Nail on the Head:
Do something exactly right or say something exactly right.

Hit The Sack:
Go to bed or go to sleep.

Hocus Pocus:
In general, a term used in magic or trickery.

Hold Your Horses:
Be patient.

I

Icing On The Cake:
When you already have it good and get something on top of what you already have.

Idle Hands Are The Devil's Tools:
You are more likely to get in trouble if you have nothing to do.

If It's Not One Thing, It's Another:
When one thing goes wrong, then another, and another...

In Like Flynn:
To be easily successful, especially when sexual or romantic.

In The Bag:
To have something secured.

In The Buff:
Nude.

In The Heat Of The Moment:
Overwhelmed by what is happening in the moment.

In Your Face:
An aggressive and bold confrontation.

It Takes Two To Tango:
A two person conflict where both people are at fault.

It's A Small World:
You frequently see the same people in different places.

Its Anyone's Call:
A competition where the outcome is difficult to judge or predict.

Ivy League:
Since 1954 the Ivy League has been the following universities: Columbia, Brown, Cornell, Dartmouth, Yale, Pennsylvania, Princeton, and Harvard.

J

Jaywalk:
Crossing the street (from the middle) without using the crosswalk.

Joshing Me:
Tricking me.

K

Keep An Eye On Him:
You should carefully watch him.

Keep body and soul together:
To earn a sufficient amount of money in order to keep yourself alive .

Keep your chin up:
To remain joyful in a tough situation.

Kick The Bucket:
Die.

Kitty-corner:
Diagonally across. Sometimes called Catty-Corner as well.

Knee Jerk Reaction:
A quick and automatic response.

Knock On Wood:
Knuckle tapping on wood in order to avoid some bad luck.

Know the Ropes:
To understand the details.

L

Last but not least:
An introduction phrase to let the audience know that the last person mentioned is no less important than those introduced before him/her.

Lend Me Your Ear:
To politely ask for someone's full attention.

Let Bygones Be Bygones:
To forget about a disagreement or arguement.

Let Sleeping Dogs Lie:
To avoid restarting a conflict.

Let The Cat Out Of The Bag:
To share a secret that wasn't suppose to be shared.

Level playing field:
A fair competition where no side has an advantage.

Like a chicken with its head cut off:
To act in a frenzied manner.

liquor someone up:
To get someone drunk.

Long in the Tooth:
Old people (or horses).

Loose Cannon:
Someone who is unpredictable and can cause damage if not kept in check.

M

Make No Bones About:
To state a fact so there are no doubts or objections.

Method To My Madness:
Strange or crazy actions that appear meaningless but in the end are done for a good reason.

Mumbo Jumbo:
Nonsense or meaningless speech.

Mum's the word:
To keep quiet. To say nothing.

N

Nest Egg:
Savings set aside for future use.

Never Bite The Hand That Feeds You:
Don't hurt anyone that helps you.

New kid on the block:
Someone new to the group or area.

New York Minute:
A minute that seems to go by quickly, especially in a fast paced environment.

No Dice:
To not agree. To not accept a proposition.

No Room to Swing a Cat:
An unsually small or confined space.

Not Playing With a Full Deck:
Someone who lacks intelligence.

O

Off On The Wrong Foot:
Getting a bad start on a relationship or task.

Off The Hook:
No longer have to deal with a tough situation.

Off the Record:
Something said in confidence that the one speaking doesn't want attributed to him/her.

On Pins And Needles:
Anxious or nervous, especially in anticipation of something.

On The Fence:
Undecided.

On The Same Page:
When multiple people all agree on the same thing.

Out Of The Blue:
Something that suddenly and unexpectedly occurs.

Out On A Limb:
When someone puts themself in a risky situation.

Out On The Town:
To enjoy yourself by going out.

Over My Dead Body:
When you absolutely will not allow something to happen.

Over the Top:
Very excessive.

P

Pass The Buck:
Avoid responsibility by giving it to someone else.

Pedal to the metal:
To go full speed, especially while driving a vehicle.

Peeping Tom:
Someone who observes people in the nude or sexually active people, mainly for his own gratification.

Pick up your ears:
To listen very carefully.

Pig In A Poke:
A deal that is made without first examining it.

Pig Out :
To eat alot and eat it quickly.

Pipe Down:
To shut-up or be quiet.

Practice Makes Perfect:
By constantly practicing, you will become better.

Pull the plug:
To stop something. To bring something to an end.

Pulling Your Leg:
Tricking someone as a joke.

Put a sock in it:
To tell noisy person or a group to be quiet.

Q

Queer the pitch:
Destroy or ruin a plan.

R

Raincheck:
An offer or deal that is declined right now but willing to accept later.

Raining Cats and Dogs:
A very loud and noisy rain storm.

Ring Fencing:
Seperated usual judgement to guarantee protection, especially project funds.

Rise and Shine:
Time to get out of bed and get ready for work/school.

Rome Was Not Built In One Day:
If you want something to be completely properly, then its going to take time.

Rule Of Thumb:
A rough estimate.

Run out of steam:
To be completely out of energy.

S

Saved By The Bell:
Saved at the last possible moment.

Scapegoat:
Someone else who takes the blame.

Scot-free:
To escape and not have to pay.

Sick As A Dog:
To be very sick (with the flu or a cold).

Sitting Shotgun:
Riding in the front passenger seat of a car.

Sixth Sense:
A paranormal sense that allows you to communicate with the dead.

Skid Row:
The rundown area of a city where the homeless and drug users live.

Smell A Rat:
To detect somone in the group is betraying the others.

Smell Something Fishy:
Detecting that something isn't right and there might be a reason for it.

Son of a Gun:
A scamp.

Southpaw:
Someone who is left-handed.

Spitting Image:
The exact likeness or kind.

Start From Scratch:
To do it all over again from the beginning.

T

The Ball Is In Your Court:
It is your decision this time.

The Best Of Both Worlds:
There are two choices and you have them both.

The Bigger They Are The Harder They Fall:
While the bigger and stronger opponent might be alot more difficult to beat, when you do they suffer a much bigger loss.

The Last Straw:
When one small burden after another creates an unbearable situation, the last straw is the last small burden that one can take.

The Whole Nine Yards:
Everything. All of it.

Third times a charm:
After no success the first two times, the third try is a lucky one.

Tie the knot:
To get married.

Til the cows come home:
A long time.

To Make A Long Story Short:
Something someone would say during a long and boring story in order to keep his/her audience from losing attention. Usually the story isn't shortened.

To Steal Someone's Thunder:
To take the credit for something someone else did.

Tongue And Cheek:
humor, not to be taken serious.

Turn A Blind Eye:
Refuse to acknowledge something you know is real or legit.

Twenty three skidoo:
To be turned away.

U

Under the weather:
Feeling ill or sick.

Up a blind alley:
Going down a course of action that leads to a bad outcome.

Use Your Loaf:
Use your head. Think smart.

V

Van Gogh's ear for music:
Tone deaf.

Variety Is The Spice Of Life:
The more experiences you try the more exciting life can be.

W

Wag the Dog:
A diversion away from something of greater importance.

Water Under The Bridge:
Anything from the past that isn't significant or important anymore.

Wear Your Heart On Your Sleeve:
To openly and freely express your emotions.

When It Rains, It Pours:
Since it rarely rains, when it does it will be a huge storm.

When Pigs Fly :
Something that will never ever happen.

Wild and Woolly:
Uncultured and without laws.

Wine and Dine:
When somebody is treated to an expensive meal.

Without A Doubt:
For certain.

X

X marks the spot:
A phrase that is said when someone finds something he/she has been looking for.

Y

You Are What You Eat:
In order to stay healthy you must eat healthy foods.

You Can't Judge A Book By Its Cover:
Decisions shouldn't be made primarily on appearance.

You Can't Take it With You:
Enjoy what you have and not what you don't have, since when you die you cannot take things (such as money) with you.

Your Guess Is As Good As Mine:
I have no idea.

Z

Zero Tolerance:
No crime or law breaking big or small will be overlooked.

Glossary of Aviation terms & Acronymns

2009-09-23T22:01:44-03:00

Glossary of Aviation terms & Acronymns


A/A	Air-to-Air
A/C	Aircraft
A/G	Air-to-Ground
AAA	Anti-Aircraft Artillery
ABORT(ING)(ED)	Directive/informative to cease action/attack/event/mission.
AC	Aircraft
ACARS	Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System
ACAS	Airborne Collision and Avoidance System
ACF	Area Control Facility
ACTION	Directive to initiate a briefed attack sequence or maneuver.
ACTIVE	An emitter is radiating.
ADD( )	Directive call to add a specific (system) or (EOB category) to search responsibility.
ADF	Attitude Director lndicator
ADF	Automatic Direction Finder
AERA	Automated Enroute Air Traffic Control
AGL	Above Ground Level
AGM	Air-to-Ground Missile
AI	Air Interdiction/Air Intercept
AIC	Air Intercept Control
AIM	Air Intercept Missile
ALARM	Directive/informative indicating the termination of EMCON procedures.
ALCP	Air Logistics Command Post
ALLIGATOR	Link-11/ TADIL A.
ALPHA CHECK	Request for/confirmation of bearing and range to described point.
ALT	Altitude
AM	Amplitude Modulation
ANCHOR(ED)	1. Orbit about a specific point; refueling track flown by tanker. 2. Informative to indicate a turning engagement about a specific location.
ANGELS	Height of friendly aircraft in thousands of feet
AO	Area of Operations
AOR	Area Of Responsibility
APRT	Airport
APU	Auxiliary Power Unit
ARINC	Aeronautical Radio Incorporated
ARIZONA	No ARM ordnance remaining.
ARM	Anti-Radiation Missiles
ARTS	Automated Radar Terminal System
ARTTC	Air Route Traffic Control Center
AS FRAGGED	Unit or element will be performing exactly as stated by the air tasking order.
ASCM	Anti-Ship Cruise Missiles
ASI	Air Speed Indicator
ASM	Anti-Ship Missile
ASOS	Automatic Surface Observation System
ATC	Air Traffic Control (a generic term for a joint civil/military system for controlling traffic within a specific area)
ATCT	Air Traffic Control Tower
ATIS	Automatic Terminal Information Service (recorded voice message that provides weather and airport services information)
ATM	Air Tasking Message
ATO	Air Tasking Order
ATSC	Air Traffic Service Communications (Communications related to air traffic services. This includes ATC, aeronautical and meteorological Information, position reporting and services related to safety and regularity of flight)
AUTHENTICATE	To request or provide a response for a coded challenge.
AUTOCAT	Any communications relay using automatic retransmissions.
AWACS	Airborne Warning And Control System
AZIMUTH	Two or more groups primarily separated in bearing.
BANDIT	An aircraft identified as enemy, in accordance with theater ID criteria. The term does not necessarily imply direction or authority to engage.
BANZAI	Informative or directive to execute launch and decide tactics.
BASE (Number)	Reference number used to indicate such information as headings, altitude, fuels, etc.
BEAD WINDOW	Last transmission potentially disclosed unauthorized information.
BEAM(ING)	Target stabilized within 70 to 110 degree aspect; (Direction) generally given with cardinal directions: east, west, north, south.
BENT	System indicated is inoperative.
BINGO	1. Fuel state needed for recovery. 2. Proceed/ am proceeding to specified base (field) or carrier.
BIRD	Friendly surface-to-air missile (SAM).
BIRD(S) AFFIRM S/A	informative indicating unit is able and prepared to engage a specified target with SAMs (presumes target is within or will enter the SAM engagement envelope).
BIRD(S) AWAY	Friendly SAM has been fired at designated target.
BIRD(S) NEGAT S/A	informative indicating unit is unable to engage a specified target with SAMs. Opposite of BIRD(S) AFFIRM.
BITTERSWEET	Notification of possible BLUE ON BLUE situation relative to a designated track or friendly aircraft.
BLANK A SEAD	aircraft does not detect any emitters of interest.
BLIND	No visual contact with friendly aircraft/ground position. Opposite of VISUAL.
BLOW THROUGH	Directive/informative call that indicates aircraft will continue straight ahead at the merge and not turn with target/targets.
BOGEY	A radar or visual air contact whose identity is unknown.
BOGEY DOPE	Request for target information as briefed/available.
BOX	Groups/contacts/formations in a square or offset square.
BRAA	Bearing, Range, Altitude, Aspect. Tactical control format providing target bearing, range, altitude, and aspect, relative to a friendly aircraft.
BRACKET	Indicates geometry where friendly aircraft will maneuver to a position on opposing sides, either laterally or vertically from the target.
BREAK (Direction)	Directive to perform an immediate maximum performance turn in the direction indicated. Assumes a defensive situation.
BREAKAWAY	Tanker or receiver directive call indicating immediate vertical and nose/tail separation between tanker and receiver is required.
BREVITY	Radio frequency is becoming saturated/degraded or jammed and briefer transmissions must follow.
BROADCAST	Request/directive to switch to broadcast control.
BROKE LOCK	Loss of radar/IR lock-on (advisory).
BRUISER	Friendly air launched anti-ship missile (ASM) (e.g., HARPOON, EXOCET, PENGUIN).
BUDDY LOCK	Locked to a known friendly aircraft. Normally a response to a SPIKED OR BUDDY SPIKE call and accompanied with position/heading/altitude.
BUDDY SPIKE	Friendly aircraft air-to-air indication on RWR. To be followed by position/heading/altitude.
BUGOUT	Separation from that particular engagement/attack/operation; (Direction) no intent to reengage/return.
BULLDOG	Friendly surface/submarine launched anti-ship missile (ASM) (e.g., HARPOON, EXOCET, OTOMAT).
BULLSEYE	An established point from which the position of an object can be referenced. Made by cardinal/range or digital format.
BUMP/BUMP-UP	A fly-up to acquire LOS to the target or laser designation.
BURN GLINT	used to provide illumination.
BUSTER	Directive call to fly at max continuous speed (military power).
BUZZER	Electronic communications jamming.
BVR	Beyond Visual Range
C2	Command and Control
CANDYGRAM	Informative call to aircraft that EW targeting information is available on a briefed secure net.
CAP	Civil Air Patrol
CAP	Combat Air Patrol
CAP/CAPPING	1. Directive call to establish an (Location) orbit at a specified location. 2. An orbit at an specified location.
CAPTURED	Aircrew has identified and is able to track a specified A/G target with an on-board sensor.
CAT I	Facility providing operation down to 200 feet decision height and runway visual range not less than 2600 feet.
CAT II	Facility providing operation down to 100 feet decision height and runway visual range not less than 1200 feet.
CAT II a	Facility providing operation with no decision height limit to and along the surface of the runway with external visual reference during final phase of landing and with a runway visual range not less than 700 feet.
CEASE	In air defense, break the ENGAGEMENT engagement on the target specified. Missiles in flight will continue to intercept.
CEASE FIRE	Do not open fire or discontinue firing; complete intercept if weapons are in flight; continue to track.
CHAMPAGNE	An attack of three distinct groups with two in front and one behind.
CHATTERMARK	Begin using briefed radio procedures to counter communications jamming.
CHEAPSHOT	1. (USAF) Active missile supported to high PRF but not medium PRF. 2. (Naval) Active missile not supported to active range.
CHECK Turn ( )	degrees left or right and maintain new heading. (LEFT/RIGHT)
CHERUBS	Height of a friendly aircraft in hundreds of feet.
CHICKS	Friendly aircraft.
CLEAN	1. No radar contacts on aircraft of interest. 2. No visible battle damage. 3. Aircraft not carrying external stores.
CLEARED	Requested action is authorized (no engaged/support roles are assumed).
CLEARED HOT	Ordnance release is authorized.
CLOAK	Directive/informative switch from normal external lighting to covert NVD only compatible lighting.
CLOSING	Decreasing in range.
CNTR	Center
COLD	1. Attack geometry will result in a pass or roll out behind the target. 2. On a leg of the CAP pointed away from the anticipated threats. 3. Group(s) heading away from friendly aircraft.
COLOR	Request for information on a (System/Position) (system) at stated location; usually a request for ambiquity resolution. May be used with IDM data message - COLOR, DATA
COMEOFF	Directive to maneuver as indicated to either regain (Left/Right/ mutual support or to deconflict flight paths for an exchange of Low/Dry) engaged and supporting roles. Implies both VISUAL and TALLY.
COMMIT(TED)	Fighter intent to engage/intercept; controller continues to provide information.
CONFETTI	Chaff lane or corridor.
CONS/CONNING	Threat/bogey aircraft leaving contrails.
CONTACT	1. Sensor contact at the stated position. 2. Acknowledges sighting of a specified reference point.
CONTINUE	Continue present maneuver, does not imply clearance to engage or expend ordnance.
CONTINUE DRY	Ordnance release not authorized.
COVER(ING)	Directive/Informative to take S/A action or establish an A/A posture that will allow engagement of a specified target or threat.
CRANK	F-Pole maneuver; implies illuminating target at radar gimbal (Direction) limits.
CTAF	Common Traffic Advisory Frequency
CTR	Center
CTRL	Control
CUTOFF	Request for, or directive to, intercept using cutoff geometry.
CYCLOPS	Any UAV.
DASH (#)	Aircraft position within a flight. Use if specific callsign is unknown.
DATA	Standby for IDM data message (Object/Position) concerning at (object) stated location.
DEADEYE	Informative call by an airborne laser designator indicating the laser/IR system is inoperative.
DECLARE	Inquiry as to the indentification of a specified track(s), target(s), or correlated group.
DEFENSIVE	Aircraft is in a defensive position and maneuvering with (Spike/Missile/ reference to the stated condition. SAM/Mud/AAA)
DE-LOUSE	Directive to detect and identify unknown aircraft trailing friendly aircraft.
DEP	Departure
DEPLOY	Directive to maneuver to briefed positioning.
DF	Direction Finding
DIVERT	Proceed to alternate mission/base.
DME	Distance Measuring Equipment (ground navigational aid that can provide display of distance to selected ground navigational radio transmitter)
DOD or DoD	Department of Defense
DOLLY	Link-4A/TADIL C
DOT	Department of Transportation
DRAG(ING)	1. (AF) Target stabilized at 0-60 degrees aspect. (Direction) 2. (Naval) Target stabilized at 120-180 degrees aspect.
DROP(ING)	1. Directive/informative to stop monitoring a specified emitter/target and resume search responsibilities. 2. Remove the emitter/target from tactical picture/track stores.
DUCK	Tactical Air Launched Decoy (TALD).
ECHELON	Groups/contacts/formation with wingman displaced approximately 45 degrees behind leaderÆs 3/9 line.
ECHO	Positive SEESAW/EWWS/ System M/Mode X reply.
EID	Electronic Identification
ELT	Emergency Locator Transmitter
EMCON	Emission Control
EMS	Emergency Medical Services
ENG	Engine
ENGAGED	Maneuvering with the intent to kill. Implies visual/radar acquisition of target.
EO	ElectroOptical
EOB	Electronic Order of Battle
EST	Estimated
ESTIMATE	Provides estimate of the size, range, height, or other parameter of a specified contact; implies degradation.
ETA	Estimated Time of Arrival
EW	Electronic Warfare
EXTEND	Short term maneuver to gain energy, distance, or separation; (Direction) normally with the intent of re-engaging.
EYEBALL( )	1. Fighter with primary visual identification responsibility. 2. EO/IR/NVD acquisition of an aircraft. Normally followed by ( ) number of aircraft observed.
F/D (FD)	Flight Director
FAA	Federal Aviation Administration
FAC-A	Forward Air Controller-Airborne
FADED	Radar contact is lost. (Termination of track plotting is not warranted.)
FAST	Target speed is estimated to be 600 knots ground speed/mach 1 or greater.
FATHER	TACAN station.
FBO	Fixed Based Operator
FEET WET/DRY	Flying over water/land.
FENCE (In/Out)	Set cockpit switches as appropriate prior to entering/exiting the combat area.
FIR	Flight Information Region
FL	Flight Level. For example, FL310 is an altitude 31,000 ft. above sea level; used for altitudes above 18,000 ft.
FLANK(ING)	1. (USAF) Target with a stable aspect of 120 to 150 degrees. 2. (Naval) Target with stable aspect of 30 to 60 degrees.
FLASH (System)	Temporarily turn on prebriefed IFF mode or system.
FLOAT	Directive/informative to expand the formation laterally within visual limits to maintain a radar contact or prepare for a defensive response.
FLT	Flight
FM	Frequency Modulation
FOX (Number)	Simulated/actual launch of air-to-air weapons. ONE - semi-active radar-guided missile. TWO - infrared-guided missile. THREE - active radar-guided missile.
FOX MIKE	VHF/FM radio.
F-POLE	Distance between shooter and target at impact.
FRIENDLY	A positively identified friendly contact.
FSO	Flight Support Operations
FSS	Flight Service Station. Air traffic facilities which provide pilot briefing, en route communications and VFR search and rescue services, assist lost aircraft and aircraft in emergency situations, relay ATC clearances, originate Notices to Airmen, broadcast aviation weather and NAS information, receive and process IFR flight plans, and monitor NAVAIDs. In addition, at selected locations, FSSs provide En Route Flight Advisory Service (Flight Watch), take weather observations, issue airport advisories, and advise Customs and Immigration of transborder flights.
FURBALL	A turning fight involving multiple aircraft with known BANDITs and FRIENDLIES mixed.
GA	General Aviation
GADGET	Radar or emitter equipment.
GATE	Directive/informative to fly as quickly as possible, using after-burner/max power.
GCA	Ground-controlled Approach
GCI	Ground Control Intercept
GIMBAL	Radar target is approaching azimuth or elevation limits. (Direction)
GLINT	Gated Laser Intensifier
GMT	Greenwich MeanTime
GO ACTIVE	Go to briefed Have Quick net.
GO CLEAR	Use unencrypted voice communications.
GO SECURE	Use encrypted voice communications.
GOGGLE	Directive/informative to put DEGOGGLE on/take off NVDÆs.
GORILLA	Large force of indeterminate numbers and formation.
GPS	Global Positioning System
GRANDSLAM	All HOSTILE aircraft of a designated track (or against which a mission was tasked) are shot down.
GREEN (Direction)	Direction determined to be clearest of enemy air-to-air activity.
GREYHOUND	Friendly ground attack cruise missile (e.g. TLAM, CALCM).
GROUP	Radar targets within approximately 3 NM of each other.
GS	Ground Speed
GUNS	An air-to-air or air-to-surface gunshot.
HARD (Direction)	High-G, energy sustaining turn.
HARM	High-speed Anti-Radiation Missile
HBARO	Barometric Altitude
HDG	Heading
HEAD	(USAF) Target with an aspect aspect of 160 to 180 degrees.
HEAD ON	(Naval) Target with an aspect of 0 to 20 degrees.
HEADS UP	Alert of an activity of interest.
HEAVY	A group or package known to contain three or more entities.
HF	High Frequency
HI	High
HIGH	Between 25,000 and 40,000 ft MSL.
HIGH-G	High Gravity
HIT(S)	1. (A/A) Momentary radar return(s) in search. (Indicates approximate altitude information from fighter.) 2. (A/G) Weapons impact within lethal distance.
HOLD DOWN	Directive to key transmitter for DF steer.
HOLD FIRE	An emergency fire control order used to stop firing on a designated target, to include destruction of any missiles in flight.
HOLDING HANDS	Aircraft in visual formation.
HOME PLATE	Home airfield or carrier.
HOOK (Left/Right)	Directive to perform an in-place 180 degree turn.
HOSTILE	A contact identified as enemy upon which clearance to fire is authorized in accordance with theater rules of engagement.
HOT	1. Attack geometry will result in roll out in front of the target. 2. On a leg of the CAP pointing toward the anticipated threats. 3. Group heading towards friendly aircraft. Opposite of COLD. 4. Ordnance employment intended or completed.
HOTDOG	Informative/directive call that an aircraft is approaching or at a specified stand-off distance from the sovereign airspace of a nation (as defined by national boundaries or territorial sea and airspace). (COLOR may indicate additional standoff distance.)
HOTEL FOX	HF radio
HP	Holding Pattern
HPRF	High Pulse Repetition Frequency
HUD	Head-Up Display
HUSKY	(Naval) AIM-120 supported to HPRF active. Same as USAF CHEAPSHOT.
HVAA	High Value Airborne Assets
IAOA	Indicated Angle-of-Attack
IAS	Indicated Airspeed
IC	Initial Contact
ID	Identification 1. Directive to identify the target. 2. ID accomplished, followed by type.
IDENT	Identification
IDM	Improved Data Modem
IFF	Identification, Friend or Foe
IFR	Instrument Flight Rules. A set of rules governing the conduct of flight under instrument meteorological conditions.
ILS	Instrument Landing System. A ground based precision approach system that provides course and vertical guidance to landing aircraft.
IN (Direction)	Informative indicating a turn to a hot aspect relative to a threat/target.
INDIA	Mode IV.
INTERROGATE	Interrogate the designated contact of the IFF mode indicated.
IR	Infrared
JACKAL	Surveillance network participating group (NPG) of Link 16/TADIL J.
JATO	Jet Assisted Takeoff
JOKER	Fuel state above BINGO at which separation/bugout/event termination should begin.
JUDY	Aircrew has radar/visual contact on the correct target, has taken control of the intercept and only requires situation awareness information. Controller will minimize radio transmissions.
KILL	1. Clearance to fire. 2. In training, a fighter call to indicate kill criteria have been fulfilled.
KNOCK IT OFF	Directive to cease air combat maneuvers/attacks/activities.
LADDER	Three or more groups/contacts in range.
LASER ON	Directive to start laser designation.
LAT	Latitude
LEAD-TRAIL	Tactical formation of two contacts within a group separated in range or following one another.
LEAKER(S)	Airborne threat has passed through a defensive layer. Call should include amplifying information.
LIGHTS ON/OFF	Directive to turn on/off exterior lights.
LINE ABREAST	Two contacts within a group side-by-side.
LNAV	Lateral Navigation (provides computer description of aircraft's planned lateral flight path that can be tracked by the autoflight system; lateral path can be shown on map display.)
LO	Low
LOC	Localizer Beam. The component of an ILS that provides course guidance to the runway.
LOCKED	Final radar lock-on; sort is not assumed. (BRAA/Direction)
LON	Longitude
LOS	Line Of Sight
LOST CONTACT	Radar contact lost. (DROP track is recommended).
LOST LOCK	Loss of radar/IR lock-on (advisory).
LOW	Target altitude below 10,000 ft AGL.
M/ASI	Mach/Airspeed Indicator
MAA	Maximum Authorized IFR Altitude
MAG	Magnetic
MAGNUM	Launch of friendly antiradiation missile.
MAINT	Maintenance
MAPPING	Multi-function radar in an A/G mode.
MARKING	Friendly aircraft leaving contrails.
MARSA	Military Accepts Responsibility for Separation of Aircraft
MARSHAL(ING)	Establish(ed) at a specific point.
MAX	Maximum
MCA	Minimum Crossing Altitude
MDA	Minimum Descent Altitude
MEA	Minimum Enroute Altitude
MEDIUM	Target altitude between 10,000 ft AGL and 25,000 ft MSL.
MERGE(D)	1. Information that friendlies and targets have arrived in the same visual arena. 2. Call indicating radar returns have come together.
METRO	Meteorology (weather)
MICKEY	Have Quick Time-of-Day (TOD) signal.
MIDNIGHT	Informative advising that C2 functions are no longer available. Opposite of SUNRISE.
MILCOMM	Military Communications
MILSPEC	Military Specifications
MOA	Military Operations Area
MODE A	Transmission of unique identifer in ATCRBS by planes. Also used in Mode S.
MODE C	Transmission of altitude in ATCRBS by planes. Also used in Mode S.
MODE S	Type of secondary surveillance radar (SSR) equipment which provides Mode A and Mode C interrogations, discrete address (Mode S) interrogations from the ground or air, and a data link capability
MONITOR	Maintain radar awareness on or assume responsibility for specified group.
MOTHER	Parent ship.
MPRF	Medium Pulse Repetition Frequency
MRA	Minimum Reception Altitude
MSL	Mean Sea Level
MTBF	Mean Time Between Failures
MUD	Indicates RWR ground threat displayed followed by clock (Type/Direction) position and type.
MUSIC	Electronic radar jamming. (On AI radar, electronic deceptive jamming.)
N/A	Not Applicable
NAILS	RWR indication of AI radar in search. Add clock position/azimuth, if known.
NAKED	No RWR indications.
NAS	National Airspace System
NASA	National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NAV	Navigation
NAVAID	Navigational Aid. Any visual or electronic device, airborne or on the surface, which provides point-to-point guidance information or position data to aircraft in flight.
NCTR	NonCooperative Target Recognition
NDB	Nondirectional Radio Beacon
NEW PICTURE	Used by controller or aircrew when tactical picture has changed. Supersedes all previous calls and re-establishes picture for all players.
NM	Nautical Mile. International unit equal to 6076.115 feet (1852 meters).
NO FACTOR	Not a threat.
NO JOY	Aircrew does not have visual contact with the target/bandit/ landmark. Opposite of TALLY.
NOAA	National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NOTAM	Notice to Airmen. A notice containing information (not known sufficiently in advance to publicize by other means) concerning the establishment, condition, or change in any component (facility, service, or procedure of, or hazard in the National Airspace System) the timely knowledge of which is essential to personnel concerned with flight operations
NOTCH	All-aspect missile defensive maneuver to place threat radar/missile (Direction) on the beam.
NPG	Network Participating Group
NTSB	National Transportation Safety Board
NVD	Night Vision Device
OFF (Direction)	Informative call indicating attack is terminated and maneuvering to the indicated direction.
OFFSET	Informative call indicating maneuver in a specified direction with (Direction) reference to the target.
ON STATION	Informative unit/aircraft has reached assigned station.
OPENING	Increasing in range.
OUT (Direction)	Informative indicating a turn to a cold aspect relative to the threat. Opposite of IN.
OUTLAW	Informative call that a bogey has met point of origin criteria.
PACKAGE	Geographically isolated collection of groups/contacts/formations.
PADLOCKED	Informative call indicating aircrew cannot take eyes off an aircraft or surface position without risk of losing TALLY/VISUAL.
PAINT(S)	Interrogated group/radar contact that is responding with any of the specified IFF modes and correct codes established for the ID criteria.
PAR	Precision Approach Radar
PARROT	IFF transponder.
PBD	Place Bearing/Distance (way point)
PICTURE	Provide tactical situation status pertinent to mission.
PIGEONS	Magnetic bearing and range to HOMEPLATE (or specified (Location) destination).
PINCE/PINCER	Threat maneuvering for a bracket attack
PIREPS	Pilot Reports
PITBULL	1. Informative AIM-120 is at MPRF active range. 2. AIM-54 at active range.
PLAYMATE	Cooperating aircraft.
PLAYTIME	Amount of time aircraft can remain on station.
PMSV	Pilot to Metro Service
POGO	Switch to communication channel number preceding POGO. If unable to establish communications, switch to channel number following POGO. If no channel number follows POGO, return to this channel.
POP	1. Starting climb for air-to-surface attack. 2. Max performance climb out of low altitude structure.
POPEYE	Flying in clouds or area of reduced visibility.
POPUP	Informative call of a contact that has suddenly appeared inside of meld/CCR/briefed range.
POS	Position
POSIT	Request for position; response in terms of a geographic landmark, or off a common reference point.
POST ATTACK	Directive transmission to indicate desired direction after completion (Direction) of intercept/engagement.
POST HOLE	Rapid descending spiral.
PRESS	Directive to continue the attack; mutual support will be maintained. Supportive role will be assumed.
PRF	Pulse Repetition Frequency
PRINT (Type)	Unambiguous NCTR reply.
PTD	Pilot to Dispatcher
PUMP	A briefed maneuver to low aspect to stop closure on the threat or geographical boundary with the intent to re-engage.
PURE	Informative indicating pure pursuit is being used or directive to go pure pursuit.
PUSH (Channel)	Go to designated frequency. No acknowledgment required
PUSHING	Departing designated point.
PUSHING	Informative that said group(s) have turned cold and will continue (Group description) to be monitored.
QRH	The barometric pressure as reported by a particular station
QUAD	Quadrant
R/C	Rate of Climb
RAD	Radial
RANGE	Two or more groups separated primarily separated in distance along the same bearing.
RAYGUN	Indicates a radar lock-on to unknown aircraft. A request for a (Position/Heading/ BUDDY SPIKE reply from friendly aircraft meeting these Altitude) parameters(to prevent fratricide).
RCP	Radio Control Panel
RDP	Radar Data Processing (system)
REFERENCE	Directive to assume stated heading. (Direction)
REPORTED	Identification of an object or a contact by an intelligence system. (Type)
RESET	Proceed to a prebriefed position or area of operation.
RESUME	Resume last formation/station/ mission ordered.
RETROGRADE	Directive to withdraw from present position or area of operation in response to a threat.
RIDER	A bogey that is conforming with safe passage routing/airspeed/altitude procedures.
RIFLE	AGM-65 MAVERICK launch.
RIO	Radar Intercept Officer
RIPPLE	Two or more munitions released or fired in close succession.
RNAV	Area Navigation (generic acronym for any device capable of aircraft guidance between pilot-defined waypoints
ROE	Rules Of Engagement
ROLEX (+/- Time)	Timeline adjustment in minutes from planned mission execution time. (Plus means later; minus means earlier).
ROPE	Illumination of an aircraft with an IR pointer.
RTE	Route
RWR	Radar Warning Receiver
RWY	Runway
RY	Runway
S/A	Surface to Air
SADDLED	Informative from wingman/element indicating the return to briefed formation position.
SAM	Surface-to-Air Missile
SAM (Direction)	Visual acquisition of a SAM or SAM launch, should include position.
SAMSO	Space and Missile Systems Organization
SANDWICHED	A situation where an aircraft/element positioned between opposing aircraft/elements.
SATCOMM	Satellite Communications
SAUNTER	Fly at best endurance.
SCRAM	Emergency directive to egress for defensive or survival reasons. (Direction)
SCRAMBLE	Takeoff as quickly as possible.
SCUD	Any threat TBM.
SEAD	Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses
SEPARATE	Leave a specific engagement; may or may not reenter.
SESMA	Special Event Search and Master Analysis
SFA	Single Frequency Approach
SHACKLE	One WEAVE, a single crossing of flight paths; maneuver to adjust/regain formation parameters.
SHADOW	Follow indicated target.
SHIFT	Directive to shift laser illumination.
SHOOTER	Aircraft/unit designated to employ ordnance.
SHOTGUN	Prebriefed weapons state at which separation/bugout should begin.
SID	Standard Instrument Departure
SIGMET	Significant Meteorological Information
SKATE	Informative/directive to execute launch and leave tactics.
SKIP IT	Veto of fighter commit, usually followed with further directions.
SKOSH	Aircraft is out of/or unable to employ active radar missiles.
SKUNK	A radar or visual maritime surface contact whose identity is unknown.
SLAPSHOT	Directive for an aircraft to employ a range unknown HARM (Type/Bearing) against a specified threat at the specified bearing.
SLIDE	Directive call to HVAA to continue present mission while extending range from target in response to perceived threat.
SLOW	Target with a ground speed of 300 knots or less.
SMASH	Directive to turn on/off anti-collision lights.
SMOKE	Smoke marker used to mark a position.
SNAKE	Directive to oscillate an IR pointer about a target.
SNAP (Direction)	An immediate vector to the group described.
SNIPER	Directive for an aircraft to employ a range-known HARM against a specified threat at the specified location.
SNOOZE	Directive/informative indicating initiation of EMCON procedures.
SOF	Supervisor of Flying
SOP	Standard Operating Procedure
SORT	Directive to assign responsibility within a group; criteria can be met visually, electronically (radar) or both.
SORTED	Sort responsibility has been met.
SOUR	1. Equipment indicated is operating inefficiently. 2. Invalid response to an administrative IFF check. (Opposite of SWEET)
SP	Space
SPADES	An interrogated group/radar contact which lacks the ATO (or equivalent) IFF modes and codes required for the ID criteria.
SPARKLE	Target marking by IR pointer. Target marking by gunship or FAC-A using incendiary rounds.
SPIKE	RWR indication of an AI threat in track, launch, or unknown mode. Include bearing/clock position and threat type, if known.
SPIN	Directive/informative to execute a prebriefed timing/spacing maneuver.
SPITTER	An aircraft that has departed from the engagement or is departing (Direction) the engaged fighters targeting responsibility.
SPLASH	1. (A/A) Target destroyed. 2. (A/G) Weapons impact.
SPLIT	An informative call that a flight member is leaving formation to engage a threat; visual may not be maintained.
SPOOFING	Informative that voice deception is being employed.
SPOT	Acquisition of laser designation.
SQUAWK ( )	Operate IFF as indicated or IFF is operating as indicated.
SQUAWKING	An informative call denoting a bogey is responding with an IFF mode (Mode #)
STACK	Two or more groups/contacts/ formations with a high/low altitude separation in relation to each other.
STAR	StandardTerminal Arrival Route
STATUS	Request for tactical situation.
STEADY	Directive to stop oscillation of IR pointer.
STEER	Set magnetic heading indicated.
STERN	Request for, or directive to, intercept using stern geometry.
STINGER	Within a group, a formation of three or more aircraft with a single aircraft in trail.
STOL	Short Takeoff and Landing
STOP	Stop IR illumination of a target.
STRANGER	Unidentified traffic that is not associated with the action in progress.
STRANGLE ( )	Turn off equipment indicated.
STRIP	Individual fighter/section is leaving the formation to pursue separate attacks.
STRIPPED	Informative call from wingman/element indicating out of briefed formation/position.
STROBE	Radar indications of noise jamming.
SUA	Special Use Airspace
SUNRISE	Informative C2 functions are available (opposite of MIDNIGHT).
SUNSHINE	Directive or informative indicating illumination of target is being conducted with artificial illumination.
SWAP	Severe Weather Avoidance Program
SWEET	1. Equipment indicated is operating efficiently. 2. Valid response to an administrative IFF check. (Opposite of SOUR)
SWITCH(ED)	Indicates an attacker is changing from one aircraft to another.
TACAN	Tactical Air Navigation
TACH	Tachometer
TACTICAL	Request/directive to switch to tactical control.
TADIL	Tactical Digital Information Link
TAG	(System, Known identification of a specific (system) at the stated location. W/Position) May be used with IDM data message, (e.g. TAG DATA).
TALD	Tactical Air Launched Decoy
TALLY	Sighting of a target, bandit, bogey, or enemy position; opposite of NO JOY.
TARGET ( )	Directive to assign group responsibility to aircraft in a flight.
TARGETED ( )	Group responsibility has been met.
TAS	True Airspeed
TATCA	Terminal Air Traffic Control Automaiton
TBD	To Be Determined
TBM	Tactical/Theater Ballistic Missile
TBS	To Be Specified
TCA	Terminal Control Area
TCAS	Traffic Alert & Collision Avoidance System
TDWR	Terminal Doppler Weather Radar (TDWR located and classifies windshear conditions and provides advisories in the terminal area. These data are available through the DLP.)
TEMP	Temperature
TEN SECONDS	Directive to terminal controller to standby for LASER ON call in approximately 10 seconds.
TERMINATE	1. Stop laser illumination of a target. 2. Cease local engagement without affecting the overall exercise.
THREAT	Untargeted HOSTILE/BANDIT/BOGEY within prebriefed range/(Direction) aspect of a friendly.
THROTTLES	Reduction in power to decrease IR signature.
TIAS	True Indicated Airspeed
TIED	Positive radar contact with element/aircraft.
TIGER	Enough fuel and ordnance to accept a commit.
TIMBER	Air control NPG of Link 16/TADIL J.
TOD	Time Of Day
TOGA	Takeoff/Go-Around
TRACKING	1. Stabilized gun solution. 2. Continuous illumination of a target. 3. Contact heading.
TRACON	Terminal Radar Approach Control. A terminal ATC facility that uses radar and nonradar capabilities to provide approach control services to aircraft arriving, departing, or transiting airspace controlled by the facility.
TRAILER	The last aircraft within a group(s).
TRASHED	Informative call that missile has been defeated.
TRESPASS	The addressed flight is entering a S/A threat ring of a specific (Position) system at the stated location.
TUMBLEWEED	Indicates limited situational awareness; NO JOY; BLIND; a request for information.
UAV	Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
UHF	Ultra High Frequency
UNABLE	Cannot comply as requested/directed.
UNICOM	Common traffic advisory frequency
UNIFORM	UHF radio.
UTC	Coordinated Universal Time (abbreviated as UTC, and therefore often spelled out as Universal Time Coordinated and sometimes as Universal Coordinated Time) is the standard time common to every place in the world. Formerly and still widely called Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) and also World Time, UTC nominally reflects the mean solar time along the Earth's prime meridian.
VAMPIRE	Hostile antiship missile (ASM).
VERY HIGH	Above 40,000 ft MSL.?15
VFR	Visual Flight Rules. Rules that govern the procedures for conducting flight under visual conditions. The term "VFR" is also used in the United States to indicate weather conditions that are equal to or greater than minimum VFR requirements. In addition, it is used by pilots and controllers to indicate type of flight plan.
VHF	Very High Frequency
VIC	Three groups, contacts, or formations with the single closest in range and two contacts, azimuth split, in trail.
VICTOR	VHF/AM radio.
VISUAL	Sighting of a friendly aircraft/ground position; opposite of BLIND.
VOR	Very High Frequency Omni Directional Range. A ground-based electronic navigation aid transmitting very high frequency navigation signals, 360 degrees in azimuth, oriented from magnetic north. Used as the basis for navigation in the National Airspace System. The VOR periodically identifies itself by Morse Code and may have an additional voice identification feature. Voice features may be used by ATC or FSS for transmitting instructions/information to pilots.
VORTAC	A navigation aid providing VOR azimuth, TACAN azimuth, and TACAN distance measuring equipment (DME) at one site.
VSTOL	Vertical or Short Takeoff and Landing
VTOL	Vertical Takeoff and Landing
WALL	Three or more groups or contacts primarily split in azimuth.
WARNING (Color)	Hostile attack is RED imminent or in progress. YELLOW probable. WHITE improbable (all clear).
Waypoint	Position in space usually on aircraft's flight plan
WEAPONS ( )	FREE, TIGHT HOLD or SAFE.
WEEDS	Indicates that aircraft are operating are operating close to the surface.
WHAT LUCK	Request for results of missions or tasks.
WHAT STATE	Report amount of fuel and missiles remaining. Ammunition and oxygen are reported only when specifically requested or critical.
WINCHESTER	No ordnance remaining.
WND	Wind
WORDS	Directive or interrogative regarding further information or directives pertinent to mission.
WORKING	1. A SEAD aircraft is gathering EOB on a designated emitter. Generally followed by signal type (SAM/AAA/group), bearing, and range, if able. 2. Aircraft executing EID on a specific aircraft/group to obtain identification necessary for BVR employment.
WPT	Way point
WX	Weather
WXR	Weather Radar
X-BAND	The frequency range between 8000 and 12500 MHz
XCVR	Transceiver
XMIT	Transmit
XMITR	Transmitter
XPD	ATC Transponder (also XPDR, XPNDR, TPR)
YARDSTICK	Directive to use A/A TACAN for ranging.
ZAB	Albuquerque Air Route Traffic Control Center
ZAN	Anchorage Air Route Traffic Control Center
ZAU	Chicago Air Route Traffic Control Center
ZBW	Boston Air Route Traffic Control Center
ZDC	Washington DC Air Route Traffic Control Center
ZDV	Denver Air Route Traffic Control Center
ZEG	Edmonton Air Route Traffic Control Center
ZFW	Fort Worth Air Route Traffic Control Center
ZHN	Honolulu Air Route Traffic Control Center
ZHU	Houston Air Route Traffic Control Center
ZID	Indianapolis Air Route Traffic Control Center
ZJX	Jacksonville Air Route Traffic Control Center
ZKC	Kansas City Air Route Traffic Control Center
ZLA	Los Angeles Air Route Traffic Control Center
ZLC	Salt Lake City Air Route Traffic Control Center
ZMA	Miami Air Route Traffic Control Center
ZME	Memphis Air Route Traffic Control Center
ZMP	Minneapolis Air Route Traffic Control Center
ZNY	New York Air Route Traffic Control Center
ZOA	Oakland Air Route Traffic Control Center
ZOB	Cleveland Air Route Traffic Control Center
ZQM	Moncton Air Route Traffic Control Center
ZQX	Gander Air Route Traffic Control Center
ZSE	Seattle Air Route Traffic Control Center
ZTL	Atlanta Air Route Traffic Control Center
ZUL	Montreal Air Route Traffic Control Center
ZVR	Vancouver Air Route Traffic Control Center
ZWG	Winnipeg Air Route Traffic Control Center
ZYZ	Toronto Air Route Traffic Control Center

Glossary of musical instruments

2009-09-23T21:31:25-03:00

Glossary of Musical Instruments

The following include a selection of musical instruments recorded, photographed, or sketched for the California Folk Music Project Collection. Information cited in quotes is taken from the WPA Final Report for the Project, entitled "A Study of California Folk Music," pp. 8-11. Browse by instrument:

Banjo: "American. . . 5-string banjo."

Blul: Also called blur. "The performer called it a "syrinx," but "it is probably a mistake . . . It is a single flute whose aperture is round, not closed or shaped in any way, except that its diameter is slightly less at the mouthpiece than at the bell. It is made of ebony. . . an instrument of the Kurdish shepherds. From Turkish Armenia."

Celtic harp: Also called "Irish or small bardic harp."

Cimbalom: Also called "cembalom . . . From Hungary. This is the ancestor of our hammer dulcimer and of our piano. It has forty-eight strings, which are stretched over a large sounding board and sounded with small hammers."

Clarinet: Played in place of the "kirnata" by Armenian performer.

Daph: Also called deff, def, or "defs . . . the tambourine, used in Greek and Turkish popular orchestras. From Armenia."

Dulcimer: "American hammer-type dulcimer with 13 strings."

Dumbelek: Also called "dumbeg . . . the hour-glass drum of Syria, played with the fingers."

Dvorgrle: Also called "dvogrla . . . a double pipe [flute], with three holes for the right hand and four for the left. From Balkan Peninsula."

English guitar: Also called "guitarra portuguesa or Portuguese guitar, this guitar has five strings instead of six, and looks much like the vihuela of the Middle Ages . . . shaped much like our mandolin, with a characteristic fan-shaped tuning mechanism."

Guitar: In this collection, guitar occasionally refers to the Spanish guitar or "sonora, a very small form of the guitar."

Gusle: Also called "gusla. . . a one-stringed, bowed instrument, whose single string is made of thirty horsehairs. The string is only touched, not depressed, so that harmonics only are sounded. It is held between the legs with the long neck supported on one thigh."

Hardanger fiddle: "A small [Norwegian] violin with four sympathetic strings."

Harmonica: Also called "mouth harp."

Harp-lute: Also called "Swedish lute (known popularly as the 'double guitar')."

Hawaiian guitar: A guitar with steel strings that are plucked while being pressed with a movable steel bar.

Kamanche: Also called "kemancha . . . A small knee fiddle, bowed like a cello with four strings and four sympathetic strings. From Armenia."

Lirica: "Small fiddle with three strings, held on the knee and bowed like cello, from Dalmatia."

Mandolin: Pear-shaped instrument of the lute family with fretted neck and from four to six pairs of strings.

Misnice: Also called "Mjersnice (one from Dalmatia, one from Hezegovina) . . . bagpipes made out of the skin of a goat . . . The chanter is a double pipe with six holes on each side. One pipe is used as the drone and occasionally fingered, the other side used for the tune, in nearly the same register as the drone."

Oud: Also called "Oude . . . the modern form of the lute, from Constantinople."

Qanun: Also called "Kanoon . . . A plucked instrument not unlike the zither, whose 30 strings may be varied in pitch by the use of small bridges. Its sounding box is half-covered in wood, half in a heavy skin like a drum. It has twenty-three strings all of gut. It is held flat on the knees for playing. From Armenia."

San hsien: Also called Chinese long-necked lute, "3 strings . . . small snake-covered head.

Saz: "The old Armenian guitar, with three strings, a small oval sounding box and an unusually long neck."

Svirala: "A simple six-hole shepherd's pipe [flute], from Dalmatia."

Tar: "A double-bellied guitar from the Caucasus."

Triangle: Percussion instrument made of a rod of steel bent into the shape of a triangle, open at one corner, and sounded by striking with a metal rod.

Viola d'arame: Also called "Portuguese viola . . . Like the Portuguese [English] guitar, it has five strings which are plucked with the fingers; but it is more like the Spanish guitar in shape, longer and narrower than the instrument the Portuguese call the guitar . . .Traditionally the sound holes are cut in the shape of two small hearts."

Yaogu: Also called Chinese temple or flower drum.

Yueh ch'in: Also called Moon lute, Chinese lute, or "Moon violin . . . A round plucked string instrument."

Zurna: Also called "Surna . . . An oboe whose reeds are interchangeable with the Chinese oboe, whose tone it much resembles. From Armenia."

Все "Скачать песни ничего не говори рок острова"сохранилось и округлость подбородка, и овал губ, и орлиный "Приключения джо мафия 2"нос, с тонким, изящным изгибом ноздрей, и "Скачать музыку минусовка"высокий, гладкий лоб, но глаза.

отозвался флегматичный рулевой.

Однако не этот путь избрал Колхаун.

Сам Джек "Скачать сенсорные игры на телефон без активации"видел Ринггольда у "Скачать драйвера на блютуз на ноутбуке"нас в доме, а мне об этом никто "Драйвер скачать nokia 6300"не говорил.

Он сидел ко мне спиной и, казалось, был так поглощен юкром, "Скачать проги для записи звука"что даже не оборачивался.

Во-вторых этот самый Карлос сейчас находится "Скачать формы товарные чеки"по крайней мере за пятьсот миль "Скачать русскую артмани"от кончика моей сигары и рискует своей драгоценной особой ради нескольких "Скачать анимации картинки на телефон"вонючих бизоньих шкур и нескольких десятков фунтов вяленого мяса.